[Coherence of the electroencephalogram and peripheral markers of nerve tissue damage in depressive disorders]. / Kogerentnost' elektroentsefalogrammy i perifericheskie markery povrezhdeniya nervnoi tkani pri depressivnykh rasstroistvakh.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the coherence parameters of the electroencephalogram and the level of peripheral markers of nerve tissue damage in patients with depressive disorders. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients with a diagnosis from a cluster of mood disorders: affective disorder within a single depressive episode and recurrent depressive disorder were examined. A control group consisted of 30 healthy individuals, comparable in sex and age to the main group. The bioelectric activity of the brain was recorded and analyzed with the calculation of the averaged coefficients of intra- and interhemispheric coherence. The concentration of calcium-binding protein S100b, the main protein of myelin MBP and glial fibrillar acid protein GFAP was determined in blood sera by solid-phase enzyme immunoassay. RESULTS: Patients with depressive disorders showed signi cantly lower coefficients of interhemispheric coherence of alpha (p=0.003), beta (p=0.042) and theta rhythms (p=0.041), as well as intrahemispheric coherence of alpha rhythm in the left (p=0.016) and right hemispheres (p=0.026), beta rhythm in the right hemisphere (p=0.034) compared to the control group. Patients with depressive disorders showed a higher concentration of MBP compared to the control group (p=0.008). Additionally, we identified statistically significant correlations between EEG coherence coefficients and serum markers in patients with depressive disorders. CONCLUSION: The results clearly confirm the presence of inflammatory changes in the brain in patients with depression, which is reflected in structural and functional changes.

[Correlations between clinical features of bipolar affective disorder and serum concentrations of ANKRD12 gene product, coagulation factor XIII, and cadherin 5]. / Svyaz' kontsentratsii belka-produkta gena ANKRD12, XIII faktora koagulyatsii i kadgerina 5 v syvorotke krovi s klinicheskimi osobennostyami bipolyarnogo affektivnogo rasstroistva.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the serum concentrations of some proteins identified in the blood serum of patients with bipolar affective disorder (BD) and to evaluate the relationship of their concentrations with clinical characteristics of BD. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Protein concentrations of cadherin 5, coagulation factor XIII and ANKRD12 gene product in the blood serum of patients with BD and healthy individuals were determined using commercial ELISA kits. The severity of current depression and the main clinical manifestations of BD were assessed by SIGH-SAD and CGI upon admission to the hospital before the prescription of therapy. Data analysis was carried out using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests. RESULTS: Comparison between subgroups of BD patients, selected in accordance with the current affective episode (hypomanic, manic, depressive and mixed), and control group by the Kruskal-Wallis test has shown the significant difference in ANKRD12 protein product concentration (p=0.0448). When comparing pairwise each subgroup with the control group, the significant difference in ANKRD12 product concentration was found only in the case of a subgroup of BD patients with current depressive episode (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.006). Pairwise comparison of the ANKRD12 product concentrations in subgroups of BD patients with different disease duration (<5 years, 6-10 years, and >11 years) and in the control group by the Mann-Whitney test has revealed significant differences (p=0.04, p=0.01, p=0.02, respectively), the maximum protein concentration was found in patients with disease duration >11 years. Significant negative correlation of cadherin 5 concentration with the severity of atypical depressive symptoms assessed by SIGH-SAD (r=-0.69, p=0.038) and the decrease in cadherin 5 concentration in BD patients with greater severity of the current depressive episode were revealed. Significant negative correlation was found between factor XIII concentration and CGI scores (r=-0.62, p=0.032). CONCLUSION: The results indicate a possible link of the studied proteins with BD pathogenesis. Further study of these proteins may contribute to the development of new therapeutic and diagnostic techniques.

[Anhedonia as target symptom in personalized therapy of patients with mood disorders and alcohol use disorder comorbidity]. / Angedoniya kak tselevoi simptom personalizirovannoi antidepressivnoi psikhofarmakoterapii u patsientov s komorbidnymi affektivnymi rasstroistvami i alkogol'noi zavisimost'yu.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the efficacy of antidepressants in the treatment of anhedonia in mood disorders (MD) comorbid with alcohol use disorder (AUD), considering melatonin concentration in the patient's blood serum. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Seventy patients, aged 18-65 years old, with MD, including patients with- (group F3+F10, n=36) or without comorbid AUD (group F3, n=34), were examined. Control group consisted of 26 healthy volunteers. Clinical-dynamic evaluation was carried out using SIGH-SAD and SHAPS-C. Melatonin concentration was measured with MAGPIX analyzer (Luminex, USA). The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS (V. 23.0) standard package. RESULTS: In the case of MD/AUD comorbidity anhedonia symptom does not respond well to psychopharmacotherapy during four weeks (p=0.192, Wilcoxon test) whereas anhedonia in «pure¼ MD does (p=0.007, Wilcoxon test). At the same time, only patients with «pure¼ MD have a statistically significant decrease in melatonin concentration in blood serum compared with the control group (p=0.025, p=0.031, Mann-Whitney test), on the contrary, in the case of MD/AUD comorbidity, a relative increase in melatonin concentration (p>0.05 Mann-Whitney test) was demonstrated. CONCLUSION: The relatively low response of anhedonia symptom in the case of MD/AUD comorbidity compared with the «pure¼ MD, makes perspective using antidepressants with prodophaminergic mechanism of action in this cohort of patients. Furthermore, in MD/AUD comorbidity, contrary to «pure¼ MD, a relative increase in melatonin concentration in blood serum was detected, therefore it could be a limitation to prescribing antidepressants directly or indirectly modulating melatoninergic system.

[Disorders of spatial working memory in affective disorders with mild current depression and their neurophysiological correlates]. / Narusheniia funktsii prostranstvennoi rabochei pamiati pri depressii legkoi stepeni tiazhesti i ikh neirofiziologicheskie korreliaty.

AIM: To assess spatial working memory disorders in patients with mild depressive disorders and determine their neurophysiological correlates. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty patients (right-handed) with ICD-10 diagnosis Mood Disorders (F31.3, F32.0, F33.0, F34.1), aged 37±8 years, were examined before treatment. A control group included 30 mentally and somatically healthy individuals (32±7 years old). The study of spatial working memory was carried out using the Corsi Block-Tapping test. EEG was recorded and the values of the spectral power of theta, alpha and beta rhythms were analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: A decrease in the level of working memory that was correlated with higher values of theta rhythm power in the frontal and occipital regions and alpha rhythm in the frontal cortex was observed in affective disorders with mild depressive symptoms.

[Association of polymorphic variants of PIP5K2A and HTR2C genes with response to antidepressant therapy of patients with a current depressive episode]. / Assotsiatsiia polimorfnykh variantov genov PIP5K2A i HTR2C s éffektivnost'iu antidepressivnoi terapii u patsientov s tekushchim depressivnym épizodom.

AIM: To study the association between polymorphisms of PIP5K2A and HTR2C genes and response to antidepressant therapy in patients with a current depressive episode. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The study included 222 patients (168 women and 54 men) with a current depressive episode. The assessment of the severity of the current depressive episode and the efficacy of treatment was performed using the Hamilton depression scale (HDRS-17) and the Clinical global impression scale (CGI-S, CGI-I). The association of treatment efficacy with PIP5K2A polymorphisms rs10430590, rs10828317 and HTR2C polymorphisms rs6318, rs569959, rs3813929, rs12858300 was studied. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Polymorphisms rs10828317 and rs10430590 in the PIP5K2A gene were associated with the CGI-S total score at day 28 of therapy. Polymorphism rs6318 in the HTR2C gene was associated with response to antidepressant therapy followed by clinical improvement of patients with current depressive episode on the 28th day of antidepressant therapy.

Serum levels of neurosteroids in patients with affective disorders.

According modern biological hypotheses of the pathogenesis of affective disorders, hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis dysfunction play a special role in the pathogenesis of this condition. Our study shows that the range of neuroprotective neurosteroids is gender- and nosology-dependent. Patients with affective disorders have reduced levels of dehydroepiandrosterone and dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate; the most pronounced deficiency of neuroprotective neurosteroids is typical of patients with a single depressive episode. Reduced levels of neurosteroids producing an anabolic effect probably indicate depletion of adaptive capacities of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal system in affective disorders.

Signs of apoptosis of immunocompetent cells in patients with depression.

A total of 26 patients with depression and 20 healthy subjects were studied. Measures of apoptosis of peripheral blood lymphocytes and serum cortisol concentrations were determined. A significant increase in lymphocyte apoptosis was found in patients with depression, resulting in an increase in the proportion of lymphocytes expressing the FAS receptor; cells with morphological signs characteristic of apoptosis (nuclear condensation, vacuolization) were also seen. Changes in cellular immunity were observed on the background of clinical depressive symptomatology, with decreases in the total numbers of T-lymphocytes (CD3(+)), T-helpers (CD4(+)), and natural killer cells (CD16(+)) as compared with numbers in healthy subjects. Serum cortisol levels were elevated. Correlation analysis revealed an interaction between high cortisol levels and decreases in T-helper cells (CD4(+)) and increases in apoptosis receptor expression in patients with depressive disorder.

[Apoptosis of immunocompetent cells in patients with depressive disorders].

A comprehensive evaluation of biological indices has been carried out in 26 patients with depressive disorders and in 20 age- and sex-matched controls. Indices of programmed cell death (apoptosis) in subpopulations of blood lymphocytes and concentration of cortisone in blood serum were determined. Significantly enhanced apoptosis was observed in the lymphocytes of depressive patients as shown by increased percentage of lymphocytes expressing FAS-receptor and cells with morphological changes characteristic of apoptosis (nuclear condensation, vacuolation. Clinical symptoms of depression were concomitant with alterations of cellular link of immunity expressing in the decrease of the total T-lymphocytes (CD3+) number, T-helpers (CD4+) and natural killers (CD16+) as compared to healthy persons. The level of blood serum cortisone was increased in patients with depression. High cortisone values correlated with suppression of cellular CD4+ population and an increase of FAS-receptors expression in patients with depression.